100 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
100 lines
3.9 KiB
Markdown
# nixos
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## Installation
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Follow the [NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#ch-installation) to obtain and boot
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the installation medium. Use the graphical ISO image since it ships with useful programs such as `nmtui`; the
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installation can still be done through the terminal.
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### Disk Partitioning
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For [impermanence](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Impermanence), partitioning should be done as outlined in the [tmpfs
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as root](https://elis.nu/blog/2020/05/nixos-tmpfs-as-root/) blogpost, but with `/nix` as a [LUKS-encrypted file
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system](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-luks-file-systems). The boot partition will not be
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encrypted, since that is poorly supported by systemd-boot. Persistent files will be saved under `/nix/persist`.
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The following is based on the [tmpfs as root](https://elis.nu/blog/2020/05/nixos-tmpfs-as-root/) blogpost, the NixOS
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manual's [partitioning](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-manual-partitioning),
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[formatting](https://nixos.orgmanual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-manual-partitioning-formatting) and
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[LUKS-Encrypted File Systems](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-luks-file-systems) sections,
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ArchWiki's [LVM on LUKS](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Dm-crypt/Encrypting_an_entire_system#LVM_on_LUKS),
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the unofficial NixOS wiki [Full Disk Encryption](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Full_Disk_Encryption), and [this GitHub
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gist](https://gist.github.com/martijnvermaat/76f2e24d0239470dd71050358b4d5134).
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We create a 1GiB EFI boot partition (`/dev/sda1`) and the rest will be our LUKS-encrypted volume:
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```bash
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# Create partition table
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parted /dev/sda -- mklabel gpt
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# Create /boot partition
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 1024MiB
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parted /dev/sda -- set 1 esp on
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# Create /nix partition
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parted /dev/sda -- mkpart primary 1024MiB 100%
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# Create and open LUKS-encrypted container
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cryptsetup --type=luks2 luksFormat --label=crypted /dev/sda2
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cryptsetup open /dev/sda2 crypted
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# Create LVM volume group
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pvcreate /dev/mapper/crypted
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vgcreate vg /dev/mapper/crypted
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# Create root logical volume
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lvcreate -l 100%FREE vg -n root
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# Format partitions
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mkfs.fat -F32 -n BOOT /dev/sda1
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mkfs.ext4 -L nix /dev/vg/root
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```
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The result should be the following (`lsblk -f`):
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```text
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NAME FSTYPE FSVER LABEL
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vda
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├─vda1 vfat FAT32 BOOT
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└─vda2 crypto_LUKS 2 crypted
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└─crypted LVM2_member LVM2 001
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└─vg-root ext4 1.0 nix
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```
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### Installation
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Whereas the [NixOS manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-manual-installing) mounts
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the newly-created `nixos` partition to `/mnt`, we will follow the _tmpfs as root_ blogpost and mount `/mnt` as `tmpfs`:
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```bash
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mount -t tmpfs none /mnt
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mount --mkdir /dev/disk/by-label/BOOT /mnt/boot
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mount --mkdir /dev/disk/by-label/nix /mnt/nix
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mkdir -p /mnt/nix/persist/
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```
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The remaining installation can be done (more or less) according to the [NixOS
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manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/index.html#sec-installation-manual-installing).
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```bash
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cd /mnt/nix
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git clone https://git.caspervk.net/caspervk/nixos.git tmp
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cd tmp/
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nixos-generate-config --root /mnt --show-hardware-config
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vim hosts/omega/hardware.nix
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git add . # nix sometimes ignores files outside version control
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nixos-install --no-root-passwd --flake .#omega
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# Make sure to set a password
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mkpasswd > /mnt/nix/persist/passwordfile
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chmod 400 /mnt/nix/persist/passwordfile
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```
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## Hardware Configuration
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`hosts/*/hardware.nix`, while initially generated by `nixos-generate-config --show-hardware-config`, _is_ manually
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modified. Irrelevant options are commented, instead of deleted, to allows for easier diffing on new versions of NixOS.
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## Impermanence
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To find out which of our darlings will be erased on reboot do `tree -x /`.
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## Upgrading
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```bash
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake .#omega
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```
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